Religious Conflict

 

Muslim - Christian

Good relations are described:

On leaving Syria and going to Anatolia, Ibn Battuta introduces the reader to Anatolia by saying: that he "made for the country of the Turks... It was conquered by the Muslims, but in it there are still large numbers of Christians under the protection of the Muslims." [Gibb, p. 415] He also praised the Genoese captain (a Christian) who "treated us honorably and took no passage money from us." [P. 416]

In telling about a Christian monastery: "...the largest monastery in Syria and Egypt... is inhabited by monks, and Christians visit it from all quarters. Every Muslim who stops there is entertained by the Christians; their food is bread, cheese, olives, vinegar and capers." [Gibb, p. 115]

 

Bad relations in Anatolia are described:

"The amir was a generous and pious prince, and continually engaged in jihad [against the Christians]. He had war-galleys with which he used to make raids on the environs of Constantinople the Great and to seize prisoners and booty, then after spending it all in gifts and largesse he would go out again to the jihad. Eventually his pressure became so galling to the Greeks that they appealed to the Pope, who ordered the Christians of Genoa and France to attack him, and attack him they did. The Pope sent an army from Rome, and the combined forces made an assault on the city by night with a number of galleys, capturing the harbor and the town. The amir 'Omar came down from the citadel to engage them, but died a martyr's death together with a great number of his men." [Gibb, p. 446 - 147] [This attack was in 1332.]

It is in the trading city of Kaffa on the north shore of the Black Sea that Ibn Battuta starts to shout the Muslim call to pray in an attempt to drown out the Christian church bells. [Dunn, p. 164]

Many cities he visited are described as "international" and have large neighborhoods of different ethnic and religious groups, sometimes separated by walls.

Muslim - Jew

"While we were still sitting with the sultan there came in an elderly man ... [who] sat down in front of the sultan, on the bench with the Qur'an-reader beneath him. ... [I was told] this man is a Jew, a physician. All of us need his services. At this my old feeling of indignation flared up anew, and I said to the Jew 'You God-damned son of a God-damned father, how dare you sit up there above the readers of the Qur'an, and you a Jew?" [Gibb, p. 443]

 

Shi'a Muslim and Sunni Muslim

Ibn Battuta was a strict Sunni Muslim and he "makes it abundantly clear that he had little time for Shi'is... At several points in the Rihla he takes righteous potshots at their beliefs or recounts disparaging little anecdotes about their fanatical and misguided observances. ... he did not mix much with Shi'i scholars and deliberately avoided visiting certain towns having predominantly Shi'i populations." [Dunn, pp. 90 - 91]

 

Muslim - Hindu (In India)

The treatment of the Hindu people and their rebellions against the Muslim ruler Muhammad Tughluq is one of open hostility.

 

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